According to Titus Livy's comments, the city was founded around 600 B.C. During the 1980s, Milan became one of the world's fashion capitals.Īround 400 BC, the Celtic Insubres settled Medhelanon and the surrounding region. The city was reconstructed, but in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the city suffered from a huge wave of street violence, labor strikes and political terrorism. From 1951 until 1967 the population of Milan grew from 1.3 million to 1.7 million. Since the end of World War II, Italy experienced an economic boom. Members of the Italian resistance in Milan took control of the city and executed Mussolini, his mistress, and other leaders of his Fascist government by hanging in Piazzale Loreto, Milan. Upon the surrender of Italy in 1943 German forces occupied northern Italy until the end of the war in 1945. During World War II Milan was extensively damaged by Allied bombings. In 1919 Benito Mussolini rallied the Blackshirts for the first time in Milan, and later they began their March on Rome from Milan. With the unification of the country, Milan became the dominant commercial center of northern Italy. In 1861 the re-unified city-states and kingdoms became the Kingdom of Italy once again. Following the Battle of Solferino Milan and the rest of Lombardy joined the Kingdom of Sardinia, which soon achieved control of most of Italy. Just a few years later another insurgency by Italian nationalists succeeded in ousting the Austrians with the help of Sardinia and France in 1859. The Austrians defeated the Sardinians on 24 July and reasserted their domination over Milan and northern Italy. The Kingdom of Sardinia joined the rebels, and a vote was held in Lombardy which voted to unify with Sardinia. The Milanese staged a rebellion against Austrian rule on March 18, 1848. This is the period when Milan became a center for lyric opera.
After Napoleon's occupation ended the Congress of Vienna returned Lombardy and Milan to Austrian control in 1815. Napoleon invaded Italy in 1796, and later declared Milan the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.
In 1713-1714 treaties gave sovereignty to Austria over most of Spain's Italian possessions, including Lombardy and its capital, Milan. This event is considered one of the last great outbreaks of what was a pandemic that ravaged Europe for several centuries, beginning with the Black Death. In 1629 The Great Plague of Milan killed about 60,000 people out of a total population of about 130,000, by 1631 when the plague subsided.
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However, the republic fell apart in 1450 when Milan was conquered by Francesco Sforza of the House of Sforza, which ushered Milan into becoming one of the leading cities of the Italian Renaissance.įrom the late 15th century until the mid 16th century, Milan was involved in The Italian Wars, a series of conflicts, along with most of the city-states of Italy, the Papal States, the Republic of Venice and later most of Western Europe. The two rival factions worked together to create the Ambrosian Republic in Milan. Ambrose, a beloved patron saint of the city. In the mid-15th century the Ambrosian Republic was established, taking its name from St. In 1395 Emperor Wenceslas made Milan a duchy, thus raising the dignity of the city's citizens. Finally the Visconti family took power (signoria) in Milan. In 774 AD, Milan surrendered to Charlemagne and the Franks.ĭuring the Middle Ages, the city's history was the story of the struggle between two political factions: the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. In 313 AD Emperors Constantine and Licinius issued the Edict of Milan, which officially ended the persecution of Christians. Diocletian divided the Roman Empire, choosing the eastern half for himself, making Milan the seat of the western half of the empire, from which Maximian ruled, in the late 3rd and early 4th century AD. The settlement was conquered by the Romans in 222 BC and renamed it Mediolanum. Milan, Italy is an ancient city in northern Italy first settled in about 400 BC by Celtic Insubres.
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